SPME finds widespread applications in various fields, including environmental, biological, and pharmaceutical analyses, as well as in food and beverage, flavors, fragrances, forensics, toxicology, and product testing. Some typical uses of SPME include environmental analyses of water and air samples, headspace analysis to detect trace impurities in polymers and solid samples, detecting part-per-trillion odors, analyzing flavors in food products, investigating arson and explosives samples in forensic analysis, and performing toxicology analyses of blood alcohol or drugs in urine and serum.